Hungary

Why Choose Hungary in 2025?

A move to Hungary in 2025 offers a unique blend of affordability, rich cultural experiences, and growing economic opportunities. As a member of the European Union, Hungary provides an accessible gateway to the continent, all while maintaining its distinct identity.

Affordable Living and High Quality of Life

Compared to Western Europe and North America, Hungary offers a significantly lower cost of living, particularly outside of Budapest. This affordability extends to housing, public transportation, food, and entertainment, allowing expats to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle. Despite the lower costs, Hungary doesn’t compromise on quality of life. Cities are safe, public transport is efficient, and there’s a strong cultural scene with numerous festivals, historical sites, and recreational opportunities. This makes Hungary an increasingly attractive destination for those seeking value without sacrificing experience.

Dynamic Economy and Strategic Location

Hungary’s economy is highly industrialized and export-oriented, with a strong focus on manufacturing, particularly the automotive industry, which includes major players like Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Suzuki. Beyond traditional industries, Hungary is rapidly developing its IT and technology sectors, especially in software development and cybersecurity, creating a demand for skilled professionals. Its strategic location in Central Europe also makes it a logistics hub and an attractive destination for foreign direct investment. The government actively supports foreign businesses and talent, making it an “open for business” environment.

Rich Culture, Unique Language, and Thermal Delights

Hungary boasts a rich and distinctive cultural heritage, influenced by centuries of diverse empires and movements. From the vibrant folk traditions and intricate architecture to the world-renowned classical music scene and unique culinary delights, there’s always something new to discover. The Hungarian language (Magyar) is unique in Europe, offering a fascinating challenge for linguists. Furthermore, Hungary is famous for its abundance of thermal springs, with Budapest alone boasting numerous historic baths, offering relaxation and wellness year-round. This blend of cultural depth and natural beauty provides an enriching environment for anyone choosing to move to Hungary.

Immigration and Visa Updates: Your Path to Move to Hungary

Navigating the Hungarian immigration system requires attention to detail, but with the right preparation, a move to Hungary is achievable. As an EU member state, Hungary has specific regulations for EU/EEA/Swiss citizens and different requirements for non-EU nationals.

General Requirements for Non-EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens

All non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens intending to stay in Hungary for more than 90 days within a 180-day period require a long-stay visa (D-visa) or a residence permit. The specific type depends on the purpose of your stay (work, study, family, etc.). Applications are typically submitted to the Hungarian embassy or consulate in your country of residence.

1. Work Visas (e.g., Unified Application for Residence Permit for the Purpose of Employment)

These are for individuals with a valid job offer from a Hungarian company.

• Eligibility: Requires a signed employment contract with a Hungarian employer. The employer must typically apply for work authorization on your behalf from the National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP).
• Process:
  1. The Hungarian employer initiates the work authorization process.
  2. Once approved, you apply for the long-stay D-visa for the purpose of employment at a Hungarian consulate/embassy.
  3. Upon arrival in Hungary, your D-visa allows you to enter, and you then collect your residence permit from the regional directorate of the NDGAP.
• Benefits: Allows legal employment and residency in Hungary.

Example: An IT specialist from the US receives a job offer from a tech company in Budapest. The company applies for work authorization. Once granted, the specialist applies for their D-visa at the Hungarian Embassy in Washington D.C. Upon arrival, they collect their residence permit.

2. Student Visa (Residence Permit for the Purpose of Study)

For those pursuing academic studies in Hungary.

• Eligibility: Acceptance letter from a Hungarian educational institution, proof of sufficient financial resources (bank statements, scholarship, etc.), and proof of accommodation (dormitory, rental agreement).
• Process: Apply for the long-stay D-visa for study purposes at a Hungarian consulate. Upon arrival, similar to work visas, you collect your residence permit from the NDGAP.
• Benefits: Allows full-time study and usually permits working part-time (up to 24 hours per week during term time and 90 days or 66 working days per year during breaks).

3. Residence Permit for the Purpose of Other (e.g., “White Card” for Digital Nomads)

Hungary has introduced specific permits for individuals with independent means or remote work.

• “White Card” (Digital Nomad Visa):
  • Eligibility: For non-EU/EEA citizens working remotely for a company outside Hungary, or who own a company registered outside Hungary. Requires proof of at least €3,000 in monthly income for the last 6 months.
  • Process: Apply for the White Card residence permit at a Hungarian consulate.
  • Benefits: Allows residence for remote work, typically for up to two years, renewable. Does not directly lead to permanent residency.
• Residence Permit for Financial Reasons: For individuals with independent financial means who do not intend to work in Hungary. Requires significant proof of funds and accommodation.

4. Family Reunification Visa (Residence Permit for the Purpose of Family Reunification)

For spouses and children of individuals already residing in Hungary with a valid residence permit.

• Eligibility: Proof of familial relationship, stable and sufficient financial resources of the primary resident, and suitable accommodation.
• Process: The primary resident often initiates certain administrative steps, then family members apply for their D-visas at the Hungarian consulate.

Post-Arrival: Registration and Residence Card

Upon arrival in Hungary with a D-visa, you must report to the competent regional directorate of the National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP) within a specified period (usually 30 days) to register your address and collect your residence permit card. This card is your official proof of legal residence in Hungary.

Route to Hungarian Citizenship or Permanent Residency

For those envisioning a long-term future after their move to Hungary, both permanent residency and citizenship offer significant advantages. Hungary has clear pathways to these statuses, emphasizing continuous legal residence and integration.

Permanent Residency (National Permanent Residence Permit / EC Permanent Residence Permit)

There are generally two types of long-term residence permits that can be considered “permanent residency”: the National Permanent Residence Permit and the EC Permanent Residence Permit (EU Blue Card holders can convert to this). These permits typically offer the right to reside indefinitely in Hungary and usually work without specific employer restrictions, and are valid for 5 or 10 years, renewable.

• General Eligibility (National Permanent Residence Permit):
  • Residency Period: Typically, you must have resided legally and continuously in Hungary for at least 3 years with certain types of residence permits (e.g., for work, family reunification, or the former “Golden Visa” investor permit).
  • Financial Stability: Proof of stable and sufficient financial resources to support yourself and your family.
  • Accommodation: Proof of suitable accommodation in Hungary.
  • Health Insurance: Comprehensive health insurance coverage.
  • Compliance with Laws: No serious criminal record.
• Specific Cases for Accelerated PR (for EEA Nationals):
  • EEA nationals who have resided legally and continuously in Hungary for 5 years are eligible for permanent residence.
  • Accelerated eligibility exists for EEA nationals who meet certain criteria related to occupational activity, retirement, or incapacity to work, often reducing the 5-year requirement.
• Application Process: Submitted in person at the client service office of the competent regional directorate of the National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP) in Hungary. Required documents will include valid travel documents, proof of continuous legal residence, financial means, and accommodation.

Note: The “White Card” (digital nomad visa) does not lead to permanent residency. However, Hungary’s new “Golden Visa” (Residency by Investment) allows for a direct path to permanent residency after 3 years of living in Hungary, with specific investment requirements (e.g., €250,000+ in real estate investment funds).

Hungarian Citizenship (Naturalization)

Acquiring Hungarian citizenship means becoming a full citizen, granting voting rights, a Hungarian passport, and all associated rights and responsibilities. Hungary generally allows dual nationality, meaning you may not need to renounce your previous citizenship, depending on your home country’s laws.

• General Eligibility:
  • Residency Period: At least 8 years of continuous legal residence in Hungary with a permanent residence permit immediately preceding the application. This period can be reduced in specific circumstances (e.g., marriage to a Hungarian citizen, Hungarian ancestry, having completed Hungarian higher education).
  • Integration: Demonstrate knowledge of the Hungarian language (usually B2 level, confirmed by an exam), Hungarian constitutional system, and basic cultural knowledge. This is assessed through an exam.
  • Good Conduct: No criminal record.
  • Stable Livelihood: Proof of stable livelihood and accommodation.
• Process: The application is made to the Office of the President of the Republic. It involves a detailed dossier of documents, an interview, and a citizenship oath. The process can be lengthy.

For those aiming for citizenship, actively learning Hungarian and engaging in local life from the beginning of your move to Hungary will be highly beneficial. Consulting with an immigration lawyer is always recommended for complex cases.

Cost of Living in Hungary (2025 Updated Data)

One of Hungary’s most attractive features for expats is its relatively low cost of living, especially when compared to Western Europe or North America. While Budapest is the most expensive city, it still offers significant value. Here’s an updated overview of typical expenses in 2025.

Urban Living Expenses (e.g., Budapest)

Budapest is the capital and largest city, offering the highest salaries and most opportunities, but also the highest costs.

• Rent (1-bedroom apartment, city center): HUF 185,000–280,000/month (approx. $500-$760 USD)
• Rent (1-bedroom apartment, outside city center): HUF 145,000–200,000/month (approx. $395-$545 USD)
• Utilities (electricity, heating, cooling, water, garbage for 915 sq ft apartment): HUF 53,000–85,000/month (approx. $145-$230 USD)
• Public Transportation (monthly pass): HUF 8,950 (approx. $24 USD)
• Groceries (per person per month): HUF 60,000–90,000 (approx. $160-$245 USD)
• Dining Out (mid-range restaurant for two, three-course): HUF 18,000 (approx. $49 USD)
• Internet (60 Mbps+): HUF 6,250–9,990/month (approx. $17-$27 USD)
• Mobile Phone Plan (10GB+ data): HUF 9,220–10,000/month (approx. $25-$27 USD)

Initial costs for renting an apartment often include 1-2 months’ rent as a security deposit, plus the first month’s rent. Agency fees may also apply.

Smaller Cities and Rural Areas (e.g., Debrecen, Szeged, Pécs)

These regions offer a significantly lower cost of living and a more traditional Hungarian experience.

• Rent (1-bedroom apartment, city center): HUF 100,000–180,000/month (approx. $270-$490 USD)
• Rent (1-bedroom apartment, outside city center): HUF 80,000–130,000/month (approx. $215-$350 USD)
• Utilities: HUF 35,000–60,000/month (approx. $95-$160 USD)
• Public Transportation: HUF 5,000–7,000/month (approx. $13-$19 USD)
• Groceries (per person per month): HUF 45,000–70,000 (approx. $120-$190 USD)
• Dining Out (mid-range restaurant for two): HUF 12,000–16,000 (approx. $32-$43 USD)

Overall Lifestyle Value

Hungary provides excellent value, especially concerning housing, transport, and basic necessities. While average salaries in Hungary are lower than in Western Europe, the significantly lower cost of living means that your purchasing power is often higher. The average gross annual salary is approximately $14,000 – $18,000 USD (€13,000 – €17,000), but this varies greatly by sector, experience, and location. For highly skilled professionals, particularly in IT, engineering, or finance, salaries can be higher, allowing for a very comfortable lifestyle.

Business Landscape and Innovation Hub in Hungary

Hungary’s economy is highly integrated into the European market, with a strong emphasis on manufacturing, particularly the automotive sector, and a rapidly expanding IT industry. For those considering a move to Hungary for professional reasons, understanding its dynamic business landscape is essential.

Key Industries and Growth Sectors (2025 Outlook)

Hungary is a significant player in several traditional and emerging sectors:

• Automotive Industry: A cornerstone of the Hungarian economy, home to major production plants for Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Suzuki, as well as numerous component suppliers. There’s a high demand for engineers (mechanical, electrical, automotive) and skilled tradespeople.
• IT & Software Development: Hungary, especially Budapest, is a growing tech hub. There’s a high demand for software developers, IT project managers, cybersecurity experts, and data analysts due to digital transformation initiatives and the growth of IT outsourcing.
• Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals: With an aging population and ongoing healthcare reforms, there’s a continuous need for doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and medical technicians. Hungary is also a significant pharmaceutical producer.
• Engineering: Beyond automotive, strong demand exists in general manufacturing, industrial engineering, and quality assurance.
• Finance and Accounting: The presence of multinational corporations and financial institutions drives demand for accountants, financial analysts, auditors, and compliance officers.
• Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Hungary’s central location in Europe makes it a logistics hub, increasing demand for supply chain analysts and procurement managers.
• Renewable Energy: As Hungary aims for carbon neutrality by 2050, there’s a growing demand for renewable energy engineers and specialists in solar, wind, and potentially nuclear energy.
• Tourism & Hospitality: As a popular tourist destination, particularly Budapest and Lake Balaton, there’s continuous demand for hotel managers, tour guides, and skilled staff.

The average gross monthly salary in Hungary is approximately HUF 660,000 – HUF 710,000 as of early-mid 2025 (roughly $1,800 – $1,930 USD, or $21,600 – $23,160 USD annually). However, salaries vary significantly by industry, experience, and location. Professionals in IT, specialized engineering, or finance can expect higher wages.

Workplace Culture and Etiquette

Hungarian workplace culture is generally more formal and hierarchical than in some Western countries, but it is evolving. Understanding these nuances is key for successful integration:

• Hierarchy: Respect for authority and seniority is common. Decisions often come from the top down.
• Formality: Initial greetings are usually formal (handshakes, use of titles and last names). Personal relationships often build over time.
• Punctuality: Being on time for meetings and appointments is highly valued.
• Communication: Communication can be direct and to the point. While English is common in multinational companies, learning some Hungarian is highly appreciated and will aid in daily interactions.
• Work-Life Balance: While not as pronounced as in some Western European countries, there’s a growing appreciation for work-life balance, especially among younger generations.
• Business Meals: Business lunches and dinners are common for building relationships.

Governmental Support and Investment

The Hungarian government actively promotes foreign direct investment and aims to attract skilled foreign labor. Key initiatives include:

• Simplified Business Registration: Streamlined processes for company formation.
• Tax Incentives: Various incentives for R&D and strategic investments.
• Golden Visa Program: Reintroduced in 2024, offering a path to residency for investors, which can lead to permanent residency.
• White Card (Digital Nomad Visa): Attracting remote workers, though it doesn’t directly lead to PR.

For entrepreneurs, Hungary offers a relatively straightforward process for company registration and access to the EU market. However, it’s advisable to seek local legal and accounting advice.

Top Destinations for Expats in Hungary

When planning your move to Hungary, choosing the right city will profoundly shape your experience. While Budapest is the primary expat hub, other cities offer their own unique advantages.

Budapest: The Pearl of the Danube

The capital city is by far the most popular destination for expats, offering the widest range of job opportunities, international communities, and cultural attractions. It’s a vibrant, cosmopolitan city with stunning architecture, thermal baths, and a lively nightlife.

Living perks include:

• Extensive Job Market: Dominant in IT, finance, automotive, shared service centers, and tourism. Numerous multinational companies have offices here.
• Cultural Richness: Home to world-class museums, opera, theaters, ruin bars, and a bustling culinary scene.
• Diverse Community: Large and active expat community, making it easier to connect and find support. Numerous international schools.
• Excellent Transport: Efficient and extensive public transport network (metro, trams, buses).
• Cost-Effective for a Capital: While the most expensive in Hungary, it’s significantly more affordable than other European capitals.

Note: Can be crowded, especially during tourist season. While English is widely spoken in expat circles and tourist areas, learning Hungarian will greatly enhance daily life.

Debrecen: The Great Plain’s Capital

Hungary’s second-largest city, located in the eastern part of the country. Debrecen is a significant educational and cultural center, with a growing economy, particularly in the automotive and pharmaceutical industries.

Key features:

• Educational Hub: Home to the University of Debrecen, attracting many international students.
• Growing Economy: Significant investment in the automotive sector (e.g., BMW plant), pharmaceuticals, and IT.
• More Affordable: Lower cost of living compared to Budapest.
• Traditional Hungarian Feel: Offers a more authentic Hungarian experience, with a relaxed pace of life.

Note: Expat community is smaller than in Budapest. Hungarian proficiency will be more important for daily interactions.

Szeged: The City of Sunshine

Known for its beautiful architecture, vibrant student life, and sunny climate, Szeged is a charming city in Southern Hungary, located on the Tisza River. It’s a university town with a relaxed atmosphere.

Expats appreciate:

• University Town: Home to the University of Szeged, a leading research university, creating a youthful and dynamic environment.
• Mild Climate: One of the sunniest cities in Hungary.
• Cultural Events: Known for its summer open-air festival.
• Lower Living Costs: Even more affordable than Debrecen.

Note: Job opportunities outside academia may be more limited compared to Budapest.

Pécs: A Mediterranean Vibe

A historic city in southwest Hungary, Pécs is known for its Roman ruins, Ottoman mosques, and vibrant arts scene. It’s nestled at the foot of the Mecsek mountains, giving it a somewhat Mediterranean feel.

Life in Pécs includes:

• Historical Significance: UNESCO World Heritage sites, rich history from Roman times to the Ottoman Empire.
• Cultural Capital: European Capital of Culture in 2010, strong arts and music scene.
• University Town: University of Pécs is one of Hungary’s oldest and largest universities, attracting students from around the world.
• Scenic Beauty: Surrounded by hills and vineyards.

Note: Smaller job market, but good for those seeking a more relaxed pace and deep cultural immersion.

Healthcare Framework & Coverage in Hungary

Hungary has a public healthcare system, but for expats, understanding access and supplementing it with private insurance is often recommended. If you plan a move to Hungary, securing adequate healthcare coverage is essential.

Public Healthcare System (NEAK)

Hungary operates a public healthcare system funded through national health insurance contributions, managed by the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary (NEAK – Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő).

• Eligibility:
  • Employees: If you are legally employed in Hungary and your employer pays social security contributions on your behalf, you are generally covered by the public system. You will receive a TAJ card (Társadalombiztosítási Azonosító Jel – social security identification number).
  • Self-Employed: Must pay monthly health insurance contributions (around 50% of the minimum wage for adults, or roughly HUF 145,400/month as of 2025) to be eligible.
  • Students: Full-time students in Hungary typically qualify for public health insurance.
  • EEA/EU Citizens: Can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for medically necessary treatment during a temporary stay. For long-term residence, they must register with NEAK.
  • Non-EEA/EU Citizens without Employment: May enter into an agreement with NEAK by paying a monthly fee (which can be substantial, approximately €360/month for adults in 2025). However, beware of a 24-month waiting period for full services, during which only emergency care is covered, unless a lump sum for the waiting period is paid upfront (approx. €9,000 for 25 months’ coverage). This agreement typically does not cover pre-existing chronic conditions.
• Coverage: The public system generally covers preventative and medically necessary treatments, including doctor visits, hospital stays, and subsidized prescription drugs. Dental care is generally free only for emergencies or for those under 18.

Note: Public hospitals can sometimes have long waiting times, and English-speaking staff may be limited, especially outside Budapest. “Gratitude payments” (unofficial tips) to doctors were historically common but are now illegal.

Private Health Insurance

Many expats opt for private health insurance, either as their primary coverage or to supplement the public system. This is highly recommended for non-EU citizens who are not employed in Hungary or those who wish to avoid the public system’s limitations and waiting periods.

• Benefits: Shorter waiting times, access to English-speaking doctors, a wider range of services, and more comfortable facilities often found in private clinics.
• Requirement for Visas: Proof of comprehensive health insurance is often a mandatory requirement for long-stay visas and residence permits in Hungary.
• Medical Tourism: Hungary is a popular destination for medical tourism, particularly for dental work, plastic surgery, and fertility treatments, due to high-quality care at lower costs than Western countries. This has led to a proliferation of excellent private clinics.

Accessing Healthcare in Hungary

• Finding a Doctor: In major cities, particularly Budapest, you can find English-speaking general practitioners and specialists in private clinics. Online directories and expat forums can be helpful.
• Emergency Services: Dial 112 for the general European emergency number (available in English). You will be directed to ambulance services (mentő), police, or fire department. Emergency first aid is available to everyone, but you will need to pay for services if you don’t have insurance.
• Pharmacies (Gyógyszertár): Easily identifiable by a green cross, pharmacists are highly trained and can offer advice for minor ailments and dispense many medications without a doctor’s prescription (though some require one).

Securing Accommodation in Hungary

Finding accommodation is a key step in your move to Hungary. The rental market is generally affordable, especially outside Budapest, but can be competitive in the capital. The majority of rental properties, particularly long-term, are unfurnished.

Renting Process in Hungary

The rental market in Hungary, especially Budapest, moves relatively quickly. While requirements are generally less stringent than in some Western European countries, landlords still look for stable tenants.

Common aspects:

• Documentation: You’ll typically need your passport, visa/residence permit, and proof of income (employment contract, bank statements).
• Upfront Costs: Expect to pay:
  • Security Deposit (Kaució): Usually 2 months’ rent (refundable at the end of the tenancy, assuming no damages).
  • First Month’s Rent.
  • Agency Fees: If using a real estate agent, they typically charge one month’s rent (plus 27% VAT).
• Lease Agreements: Rental contracts (albérleti szerződés) are usually in Hungarian. It’s highly recommended to have a professional translation or an English version co-signed if available. Contracts are typically for 12 months, renewable.
• Utilities: Utilities (electricity, gas, water, internet) are usually separate from the rent and paid directly by the tenant. Bills are often sent to the landlord, who then forwards them to you.

Steps for renting:

1. Determine Your Budget & Needs: Decide on your preferred location, size, and whether you need furnished (bútorozott) or unfurnished (bútorozatlan).
2. Search Platforms: Popular websites include Ingatlan.com, Alberlet.hu, and Facebook groups (e.g., “Budapest Flats for Rent”). Real estate agencies are also widely used.
3. View Properties: Be prepared to view properties quickly, especially in high-demand areas.
4. Negotiate & Sign: Review the contract carefully. Ensure the inventory (átadás-átvételi jegyzőkönyv) of the property’s condition is detailed.
5. Register Your Address: Once you have a lease, you must register your address with the National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP) to obtain your address card (lakcímkártya), which is crucial for many administrative tasks.

Note: Subletting might be challenging as landlords often prefer direct agreements. Shared accommodation (szobatárs keresés) is common for students and young professionals.

Purchasing Property in Hungary

Foreigners can purchase property in Hungary, but there are certain regulations to be aware of, especially for non-EU citizens, who may require approval from the local administrative office (district government office) for the purchase of real estate, though this is often a formality. EU citizens generally face fewer restrictions.

• Process: Involves a preliminary contract (előszerződés), and then the final sale contract (adásvételi szerződés) prepared by a lawyer. A lawyer is mandatory for property transactions.
• Costs: Expect additional fees of approximately 6-10% of the purchase price, including stamp duty (4% for properties over a certain value), lawyer’s fees (1-3%), and other administrative costs.
• Financing: Obtaining a mortgage from a Hungarian bank might be more straightforward for residents with a stable income in Hungary. Non-residents may face higher down payment requirements.

Ideal Locations for Accommodation

Your chosen city and neighborhood will define your living experience:

• Budapest:
  • District V (Belváros-Lipótváros): City center, close to attractions, often expensive.
  • District VI (Terézváros) & VII (Erzsébetváros): Vibrant, full of bars and restaurants, popular with younger expats.
  • District XIII (Újlipótváros): Modern, residential, good for families, riverside promenades.
  • Buda side (e.g., District I, II, XII): More residential, greener, quieter, often more expensive, popular for families with international schools.
• Debrecen: Areas around the University and the city center are popular.
• Szeged: The central districts near the university offer vibrant living.
• Pécs: Historic center and areas near the University of Pécs are desirable.

Financial Services & Banking in Hungary

Managing your finances effectively is a crucial aspect of your move to Hungary. Hungary’s banking system is modern and integrated into the EU financial system, but opening an account as a new expat may require specific documentation.

Opening a Bank Account

Having a local Hungarian bank account is essential for receiving salaries, paying bills, and managing daily expenses. This is generally straightforward once you have your residence permit and address card.

• Documents Required:
  • Valid Passport.
  • Residence Permit (Tartózkodási Engedély): Your valid Hungarian residence permit.
  • Address Card (Lakcímkártya): Proof of your registered address in Hungary.
  • TAJ Card (Social Security Number): Often required, especially if you are employed.
  • Proof of Income/Employment: Employment contract, payslips, or scholarship certificate.
  • Tax Identification Number (Adóazonosító Jel): You may need to apply for this from the National Tax and Customs Administration (NAV).
• Recommended Banks for Expats:
  • OTP Bank: The largest commercial bank in Hungary, with an extensive branch network and generally expat-friendly services.
  • K&H Bank: Another large bank, also generally good for expats.
  • Raiffeisen Bank / UniCredit Bank / Erste Bank: International banks with a presence in Hungary, often providing services in English.
  • Wise (formerly TransferWise) / Revolut: While not full Hungarian banks, these online platforms offer EUR accounts and excellent exchange rates, useful for initial transfers and daily spending before or alongside a traditional Hungarian account.

Note: The process can take a few days to a week. You might need to make an initial deposit. It’s advisable to have access to funds (e.g., international credit card, some cash) for your initial period.

Payment Methods and Cards

Hungary is largely a cash and card-based society, with card payments increasingly common, especially in urban areas.

• Debit/Credit Cards: Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted. Most cards are chip-and-PIN enabled. Contactless payment is common.
• Cash (Forint – HUF): Still frequently used for smaller purchases, markets, and in some independent shops, especially outside major cities. It’s wise to carry some cash.
• Mobile Payment Apps: Increasingly popular, especially in Budapest.

International Transfers and Currency Exchange

The Hungarian Forint (HUF) is the local currency. For international transfers:

• Banks: Traditional Hungarian banks offer international transfer services, but fees can be higher.
• Online Money Transfer Services: Platforms like Wise (formerly TransferWise), Revolut, and Remitly are popular among expats for their competitive exchange rates and lower fees for sending money to or from Hungary.
• Currency Exchange Offices (Valutaváltó): Widely available in cities. Compare rates as they can vary significantly. Avoid exchanging money at the airport as rates are usually unfavorable.

Financial Planning and Taxation

Understanding the Hungarian tax system and social security contributions is crucial.

• Income Tax: Hungary has a flat income tax rate of 15% for individuals. This is one of the lowest in Europe.
• Social Security Contributions (Társadalombiztosítási Járulék): Significant deductions are made from gross salary towards health insurance, pension, and unemployment benefits. These are mandatory for all employees and self-employed individuals.
• VAT (ÁFA): The standard VAT rate in Hungary is 27%, one of the highest in the EU, though reduced rates apply to certain goods and services.
• Tax ID Number (Adóazonosító Jel): You will need a Hungarian tax identification number for employment and many financial transactions.

It is highly recommended to consult with a tax advisor upon your move to Hungary to understand your specific tax obligations, especially if you have income from abroad or are self-employed.

Employment in Hungary

Hungary’s job market is characterized by a strong manufacturing base, a growing services sector, and an increasing demand for skilled labor in tech and engineering. If you plan to move to Hungary for work, understanding the key industries, job search methods, and labor laws is essential.

The Hungarian Job Market (2025 Outlook)

Hungary has a relatively low unemployment rate (around 4%), indicating a demand for skilled workers. The economy is increasingly shifting towards higher value-added activities, leading to a need for educated professionals, especially those with language skills.

Top hiring industries for foreigners:

• IT & Software Development: High demand for software developers, IT project managers, cybersecurity experts, and data analysts across various sectors as Hungary embraces digitalization.
• Automotive Industry: Engineers (mechanical, electrical, automotive), quality control specialists, and production managers are consistently in demand due to the presence of major international car manufacturers.
• Healthcare: Doctors, nurses, and medical professionals are needed due to an aging population and ongoing healthcare reforms.
• Engineering (General): Opportunities in manufacturing, construction, and renewable energy sectors.
• Finance and Accounting: Multinational companies often seek finance and accounting professionals for shared service centers.
• Sales and Marketing: Especially for roles requiring foreign language proficiency to target international markets.
• Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Hungary’s central location creates a need for skilled professionals in this sector.
• Tourism & Hospitality: Consistent demand for staff, particularly those with strong foreign language skills, given Hungary’s popularity as a tourist destination.
• Education: Opportunities for English language teachers in schools and language institutes, and university lecturers.

The average gross monthly salary in Hungary is approximately HUF 660,000 – HUF 710,000 (roughly $1,800 – $1,930 USD). However, salaries for highly skilled roles in IT or specialized engineering can be significantly higher, particularly in Budapest.

Job Search Strategies

• Online Job Boards: Profession.hu, Jooble.org, LinkedIn, Workania.hu, Monster.hu. For English-speaking roles, look for “English speaking jobs Budapest” on various platforms.
• Recruitment Agencies: Many international recruitment firms operate in Hungary and specialize in placing foreign professionals (e.g., Hays, Randstad, Kelly Services, Grafton Recruitment).
• Networking: Attend industry events, professional meetups (e.g., through Meetup.com), and expat community gatherings. LinkedIn is a crucial tool for professional networking.
• Company Websites: Directly check the “Careers” or “Karrier” sections of multinational companies with a presence in Hungary.
• English as a Hiring Advantage: For many international roles, strong English skills are a primary requirement. If you also have Hungarian, it’s a significant bonus.

Work Visa and Requirements

For non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens, securing a work visa and residence permit is mandatory for a move to Hungary for employment.

• Unified Application for Residence Permit for the Purpose of Employment: This is the most common work permit. Your prospective employer typically initiates the process by applying for work authorization from the National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP).
• Long-Stay D-Visa Application: Once work authorization is granted, you apply for the appropriate D-visa at a Hungarian consulate or embassy in your country of residence.
• Required Documents: Valid passport, visa application form, recent passport-sized photos, detailed employment contract, proof of accommodation, academic diplomas, CV, and potentially a criminal record check. All documents not in Hungarian or English may need official translation.
• White Card (Digital Nomad Visa): If you work remotely for a foreign company, this permit (not a work permit in the traditional sense, as it doesn’t allow working for Hungarian companies) allows you to reside in Hungary.

It is illegal to work in Hungary on a tourist visa. Always ensure you have the correct visa for your intended activities. The processing time for work permits can vary, so start early.

Workplace Culture and Integration

Integrating into a Hungarian workplace requires understanding and adapting to local norms:

• Language: While English is used in international companies, learning Hungarian demonstrates commitment and is essential for broader communication and daily life outside the office.
• Hierarchy: Be aware that decision-making often follows a hierarchical structure.
• Punctuality: Being on time is important for meetings and deadlines.
• Directness: Communication can be quite direct.
• Relationships: Building trust and personal relationships, though initially formal, can be important for long-term collaboration.

Education Framework in Hungary

Hungary offers a well-structured education system, from compulsory schooling to a strong higher education sector with a growing number of English-taught programs. For families planning a move to Hungary, there are excellent options available, particularly in major cities.

Compulsory Education (Public Schools)

Education in Hungary is compulsory for children between the ages of 3 (kindergarten) and 16 (end of lower secondary school). Public schools are generally free of charge, with parents covering costs for school supplies and some extracurricular activities.

• Structure:
  • Óvoda (Kindergarten): Ages 3-6 (compulsory from age 3).
  • Általános Iskola (Primary School): Ages 6-14 (8 years).
  • Középiskola (Secondary School): Ages 14-18. There are three main types:
    • Gimnázium: Academic track, preparing students for university.
    • Szakközépiskola: Vocational secondary school, combining general education with vocational training.
    • Szakiskola: Vocational school, focused on practical skills for trades.
• Language: Instruction is primarily in Hungarian. For expat children with limited Hungarian, immersion can be challenging, though some schools in areas with ethnic minorities offer instruction in other languages (e.g., German, Romanian).
• Curriculum: The national curriculum emphasizes core subjects (Hungarian language and literature, mathematics, history, science, foreign languages).

Enrolling in a public school provides deep cultural and linguistic immersion, ideal for children planning a long-term stay and aiming for fluency in Hungarian.

Private and International Schools

For expat families seeking continuity in curriculum or English-language instruction, private and international schools are popular choices, predominantly located in Budapest.

• Private Schools (Magániskola): Some private schools follow the Hungarian national curriculum but may offer a different pedagogical approach or smaller class sizes. Fees are generally lower than international schools.
• International Schools: Offer curricula such as the International Baccalaureate (IB), American, British (IGCSE, A-Levels), German, or other national programs.
  • Fees: Annual tuition fees are substantial, often ranging from €10,000 to €25,000+ (approx. $10,800 to $27,000+) per year, per child. Admission can be competitive.
  • Benefits: Instruction in a foreign language (usually English), diverse student body, often excellent facilities, and preparation for universities worldwide.
  • Examples in Budapest: American International School of Budapest (AISB), British International School Budapest (BISB), International Christian School of Budapest (ICSB), German School Budapest.

Higher Education (Universities and Colleges)

Hungary has a long tradition of higher education, with many universities offering programs in English, particularly in popular fields like medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, engineering, and business. Hungarian degrees are recognized across Europe.

• Universities (Egyetemek) and Colleges (Főiskolák): Public universities receive state funding, making tuition fees relatively affordable, especially for EU students. For non-EU students, fees vary but are generally competitive compared to Western Europe or North America.
• Degree Structure: Hungary follows the Bologna system, with Bachelor’s (3-4 years), Master’s (1-2 years), and Doctoral (PhD) degrees. Integrated single-cycle programs (5-6 years) exist for fields like medicine, law, and architecture.
• Popular Fields for International Students: Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine (highly regarded), Engineering, Computer Science, Business Administration, and various humanities and arts programs.
• Scholarships: Numerous scholarships are available for international students, including the Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship Programme (funded by the Hungarian government) and institutional scholarships.
• Admission: Generally requires a high school diploma (Matura or equivalent) and often entrance exams, especially for medical fields.

Websites like Study in Hungary (www.studyinhungary.hu) are excellent resources for international students seeking to apply to Hungarian universities.

Everyday Living & Assimilation in Hungary

A move to Hungary offers a captivating blend of historical depth and modern life. Adapting to daily life involves understanding and appreciating its unique social norms and navigating its charming quirks.

Social Norms and Lifestyle

Hungarian society values tradition, hospitality, and a certain degree of formality. While generally welcoming, particularly in Budapest, understanding these nuances will enhance your integration.

• Greetings: Generally formal. Men typically shake hands firmly, with direct eye contact. When greeting women, men usually wait for the woman to extend her hand first; otherwise, a simple nod or verbal greeting (e.g., “Jó napot!” – Good day) is appropriate. Among close friends, a quick hug or cheek kiss might occur.
• Punctuality: Highly valued, especially for business meetings and social gatherings. If you expect to be late, notify your host.
• Shoes in Homes: It’s common for Hungarians to remove their shoes upon entering a home, and guests are typically expected to do the same. Hosts may offer slippers.
• Dining Etiquette: Wait until the host is seated and begins eating before you start. Keep your hands visible on the table (not elbows). It’s customary to say “Egészségedre!” (Cheers/To your health) before drinking alcohol.
• Personal Space: Hungarians generally maintain a bit more personal space than some Southern European cultures, but less than in North America.
• Direct Communication: Hungarians can be direct in their communication, valuing honesty and straightforwardness.
• Language: Learning Hungarian (Magyar) is highly appreciated. Even a few phrases will go a long way, especially outside Budapest. It’s a complex, unique language, but locals appreciate the effort.
• “Gratitude Payments” (Baksis): Historically common in healthcare, these unofficial payments are now illegal. Tipping in restaurants (10-15%) is customary if service is not already included.
• No Beer Clinking: A fascinating quirk: Hungarians generally do not clink beer glasses. This tradition stems from a historical vow made after the defeat of the 1848 revolution.

Common Hurdles & Solutions for Expats

The Language Barrier: A Unique Challenge

Hurdle: Hungarian (Magyar) is a Finno-Ugric language, completely unrelated to most European languages. This makes it notoriously difficult for English speakers to learn, leading to significant communication challenges outside expat bubbles.
Solution:

• Start Early: Begin learning basic Hungarian well before your move.
• Immerse Yourself: Enroll in classes, use language apps, seek out conversation partners, and watch Hungarian TV/movies.
• Patience: Don’t get discouraged by the difficulty. Focus on practical phrases for daily interactions.
• Utilize English Speakers: In Budapest, many young people and professionals speak English. In smaller towns, you might rely more on gestures or translation apps.

Bureaucracy: The Paper Trail

Hurdle: While improving, Hungarian administration can still be complex and require numerous documents (often needing official Hungarian translation), leading to long queues and multiple visits.
Solution:

• Be Prepared: Always bring all original documents, photocopies, and passport photos.
• Official Translations: For any non-Hungarian documents, ensure you get official translations from a certified Hungarian translator (OFFI is the official state agency for this).
• Utilize Online Systems: Where available, use online portals for appointments or information.
• Seek Assistance: Many expat service providers or legal advisors specialize in helping foreigners navigate the system.

Finding English-Speaking Services

Hurdle: While common in Budapest, finding English-speaking doctors, plumbers, or other service providers can be challenging outside the capital.
Solution:

• Expat Networks: Join local expat Facebook groups and forums; they are invaluable for recommendations.
• Private Clinics: In healthcare, private clinics are much more likely to have English-speaking staff.
• Language Apps: Have a good translation app handy for non-urgent situations.

Integration Beyond the Expat Bubble

Hurdle: It can be easy to stick to expat communities, but integrating into local Hungarian society requires effort, especially given the language barrier.
Solution:

• Embrace Local Culture: Attend Hungarian festivals, markets, and cultural events.
• Learn the Language: This is the single most important factor for true integration.
• Join Local Groups: Find clubs or activities based on your hobbies where you can meet Hungarians.
• Be Open to Friendship: While Hungarians may seem reserved initially, they are incredibly hospitable once you get to know them.

Intriguing Facts About Hungary

Beyond the practicalities of how to move to Hungary, here are some fascinating insights into this captivating nation:

Cultural Wonders and Quirks

• A Unique Language: Hungarian (Magyar) is part of the Finno-Ugric language family, with no close relatives in Europe except Finnish and Estonian. It’s renowned for its complexity!
• The Land of Thermal Waters: Hungary sits on a vast network of thermal springs, making spa culture a cornerstone of Hungarian life. Budapest alone has over 100 thermal springs and numerous historic baths.
• No Beer Clinking: Hungarians typically do not clink beer glasses as a toast. This tradition dates back to the 1848 Hungarian Revolution, where Austrian generals reportedly clinked beer glasses to celebrate the execution of 13 Hungarian martyrs. Hungarians vowed not to clink beer glasses for 150 years (until 1998), but the custom has largely stuck.
• Inventors Galore: Many significant inventions came from Hungarians, including the Rubik’s Cube (Ernő Rubik), the ballpoint pen (László Bíró), and the holographic display (Dennis Gabor, Nobel Prize winner).
• Goulash is Soup, Not Stew: What much of the world calls “goulash” (a thick stew) is closer to a “pörkölt” in Hungary. True Hungarian “gulyás” is a lighter, thinner soup with meat and vegetables.

Historical and Natural Wonders

• Europe’s Oldest Country (Continuously): Hungary is one of Europe’s oldest countries, with a continuous history dating back to 895 AD when the Magyars settled the Carpathian Basin.
• Lake Balaton: Central Europe’s largest freshwater lake, often called the “Hungarian Sea.” It’s a popular summer holiday destination for swimming, sailing, and relaxing.
• The Parliament Building: The Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest is one of Europe’s largest and most beautiful parliamentary buildings, containing 88 pounds of pure gold.
• Largest Synagogue in Europe: The Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest is the largest synagogue in Europe and the second largest in the world, combining Moorish and Jewish architectural styles.
• Pálinka: A traditional Hungarian fruit brandy. It’s a very strong spirit with protected geographical indication, meaning only fruit brandy distilled in Hungary (and certain regions of Austria) can be called pálinka.

Essential Relocation Checklist for Your Move to Hungary

This checklist will help you organize your move to Hungary efficiently, ensuring a smoother transition.

6-9 Months Prior

• Visa & Residency: Determine the correct visa type (work, student, digital nomad, investor, family reunification). If moving for work, secure a job offer and ensure your employer initiates any necessary work authorization.
• Document Preparation: Gather and prepare all necessary personal documents (passport, birth/marriage certificates, academic/professional qualifications, CV). Begin the process for any official translations (to Hungarian) by a sworn translator (e.g., OFFI).
• Job Search: If applicable, actively search for jobs, prepare a Hungarian-style CV and cover letter, and participate in interviews.
• Schooling (if applicable): Research public or international schools for your children and begin the admission process.
• Financial Planning: Assess your financial situation, understand upfront costs for rent, and prepare proof of funds required for your visa application.
• Language Learning: Start or continue learning Hungarian. Focus on basic conversational phrases and administrative vocabulary.

3-6 Months Prior

• Visa Application: Apply for your specific long-stay D-visa at the Hungarian embassy/consulate in your home country.
• Temporary Accommodation: Arrange for temporary lodging for your arrival (e.g., short-term rental, serviced apartment, Airbnb) to give you time to find a permanent place.
• Health Check-ups & Insurance: Get any necessary medical check-ups. Secure comprehensive private international health insurance for your initial period, as required for your visa.
• Pet Relocation (if applicable): Research specific and strict requirements for bringing pets into Hungary (vaccinations, microchip, pet passport, health certificate). This process can take months.
• International Movers: Obtain quotes from international moving companies for your belongings. Familiarize yourself with Hungarian customs regulations for imports.

1-2 Months Prior

• Flight Bookings: Book your flights to Hungary.
• Finalize Accommodation: Ideally, secure your long-term rental, understanding the significant upfront costs (2-3 months’ rent). If not, confirm your temporary lodging.
• Financial Account: Research Hungarian banks and prepare documents to open a local bank account after arrival (you may need a Hungarian tax ID).
• Notify Institutions: Inform banks, utility providers, and relevant government agencies of your move.
• Driver’s License: Research requirements for converting your foreign driver’s license to a Hungarian one. For many non-EU licenses, you may need to apply for an exchange within one year of residency.
• Get a Hungarian SIM Card: Research providers and plan to get one upon arrival.

First Week in Hungary

• Report to NDGAP: Within 30 days of arrival, report to the National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP) regional directorate to collect your residence permit card and register your address (to get your “lakcímkártya” – address card).
• Tax Identification Number: Apply for your Hungarian tax identification number (Adóazonosító Jel) at the National Tax and Customs Administration (NAV) if you haven’t already.
• Bank Account: Open your Hungarian bank account.
• Social Security (TAJ Card): If employed, your employer should help you register for your TAJ card with NEAK. If self-employed or otherwise eligible, apply directly.
• Utilities: Arrange for utility accounts (electricity, gas, water, internet) for your accommodation.
• Explore & Connect: Begin to explore your new neighborhood, register for Hungarian language classes, and connect with expat groups or local communities.

Closing Reflections on Relocating to Hungary

A move to Hungary is an invitation to discover a country with a deeply rooted history, a unique language, and a vibrant cultural scene. It’s a place where tradition meets modernity, offering an accessible and enriching lifestyle in the heart of Central Europe. While the journey of settling in may involve navigating some administrative complexities and adapting to new social customs, the rewards of embracing Hungarian life are profound.

Prime Perks of Your Move

• Affordable Living: Enjoy a significantly lower cost of living compared to Western Europe and North America, especially for housing and daily expenses.
• Rich Cultural Experience: Immerse yourself in unique Hungarian traditions, cuisine, music, and a wealth of historical sites.
• Dynamic Economy: Benefit from growth in automotive, IT, and engineering sectors.
• Thermal Spa Culture: Access to numerous natural thermal baths for relaxation and wellness.
• Strategic Location: A gateway to explore other Central and Eastern European countries.

Key Notes for a Smooth Transition

• Hungarian Language is Key: Making an effort to learn Hungarian will significantly enhance your daily life, integration, and professional opportunities.
• Patience with Bureaucracy: Prepare for a structured administrative process; meticulous documentation and patience are essential.
• Comprehensive Health Insurance: Secure robust private health insurance, especially for your initial period, or if not employed in Hungary.
• Embrace the Uniqueness: Hungarian culture is distinct. Be open to new experiences, from the food to the social norms.

Hungary is a country that offers a truly unique and rewarding expat experience. With careful planning and an open heart, your move to the Land of Magyars will be not just a relocation, but a truly enriching and transformative life chapter.